Pigmies, also spelled Pygmies, refers to a group of traditionally short-statured people who primarily reside in the equatorial forests of Central Africa. The term "pigmies" is derived from the Greek word "pugmaios," meaning "dwarf-like," which historically has been used to emphasize their smaller physical stature in relation to other human populations.
Pigmies are typically characterized by their average height, which ranges between 4 feet 6 inches and 5 feet 5 inches (135-165 cm) tall. They often possess unique physical traits, including dark skin pigmentation, small facial features, and certain genetic adaptations advantageous for forest living.
Primarily hunter-gatherers, pigmies have traditionally relied on the forest's abundant resources for their subsistence, gathering fruits, tubers, and wild plant materials while also engaging in hunting and fishing. Their societies are typically organized into small, mobile groups that move within the forest, forming kin-based communities.
Pigmies have a rich cultural heritage and diverse linguistic groups, each with its distinct dialects. They have developed sophisticated knowledge about the forest ecosystem, possessing extensive botanical and zoological knowledge, which they utilize to survive in their specific environment. Pigmies' unique cultural practices, music, dance, and art have fascinated researchers and anthropologists globally, shedding light on their rich cultural diversity and artistic expressions.
It is important to note that the term "pigmies" has been criticized for its potential to perpetuate stereotypes and contribute to the marginalization of these communities. Thus, it is increasingly recommended to refer to specific ethnic groups such as the Aka, Baka, Mbuti, and others, rather than using the generic term "pigmies."
