PHYSICAL DEPENDENCE Meaning and
Definition
-
Physical dependence refers to a physiological condition that occurs as a result of chronic exposure to certain substances, particularly drugs or medications, in which the body becomes reliant on the presence of the substance to function normally. It is characterized by a series of adaptive changes that occur within the body, primarily in the central nervous system, as it adjusts to the continuous presence of the substance.
The process of physical dependence involves the body developing a tolerance, where higher doses of the substance are needed to achieve the desired or initial effect. As tolerance develops, the individual may experience withdrawal symptoms when attempting to reduce or cease substance use. These symptoms can vary depending on the substance but may include anxiety, restlessness, sweating, tremors, nausea, vomiting, and in more severe cases, seizures or hallucinations.
Physical dependence occurs due to the body's natural ability to adapt and establish a stable internal environment, referred to as homeostasis. Regular substance use disrupts this equilibrium, and the body adapts to maintain a new, altered state caused by the substance's presence. Consequently, sudden cessation or a decrease in substance use disrupts the body's adjusted state, leading to withdrawal symptoms until the body readjusts to functioning in the absence of the substance.
Physical dependence should not be confused with addiction, as it primarily represents a physiological adaptation, whereas addiction incorporates psychological and behavioral factors. Nevertheless, physical dependence can contribute to the cycle of addiction, reinforcing continued substance use to avoid withdrawal symptoms and maintain a state of normal functioning.
Etymology of PHYSICAL DEPENDENCE
The etymology of the word "physical dependence" can be traced back to a combination of Latin and Greek roots.
The term "physical" is derived from the Latin word "physicus", which means "of nature" or "natural". It is also related to the Greek word "physis", which translates to "nature". In this context, "physical" refers to the body or the material world.
The word "dependence" comes from the Latin word "dependēre", which means "to hang down" or "to rely on". It is composed of "de-" (indicating a downward movement) and "pendēre" (meaning "to hang").
When combined, "physical dependence" refers to a condition where an individual relies on a substance or activity for their body's normal functioning. It describes the state in which the body has become adapted to the presence of a substance and requires it to avoid withdrawal symptoms.
