Pronunciation: [fˈɪləɹi] (IPA) 
The word "phyllary" is spelled with two "l"s and one "r," even though it may be pronounced with two "r"s. This is because the word is derived from the Greek word "phullon," which means "leaf," and is spelled with two "l"s. The "ary" ending is added to indicate a structure or part that is similar to a leaf. Therefore, the correct spelling is /fɪləri/ despite its possible pronunciation as /fɪlərɪ/.
Phyllary refers to a small, modified, scale-like leaf that is typically found on the outer surface of the involucre. An involucre is a whorl or cluster of bracts that encloses a flower or flower cluster. Phyllaries are common in composite or daisy-like flowers, often forming a protective covering around the inflorescence.
These specialized leaves are typically thin, often elongated, and arranged in a concentric pattern around the base of the flower head. Phyllaries can vary in shape, size, and color, depending on the species of plant. They may be green or colored with shades of red, yellow, or brown.
The main function of phyllaries is to protect and support the flower head. They provide a layer of protection, shielding the delicate reproductive structures inside the flower head from external damage, such as physical impact or unfavorable weather conditions. Phyllaries also help in attracting pollinators by providing an additional visual cue, enhancing the overall attractiveness of the flower.
The arrangement, number, and size of the phyllaries are often used as important taxonomic characteristics to differentiate between different species within a plant family. By examining these features, botanists can identify and classify plants more accurately.
In summary, phyllaries are small, scale-like leaves that surround and protect flower heads in composite plants. They play a vital role in ensuring the reproductive success and survival of these flowering plants.
The word "phyllary" comes from the Greek words "phullon" meaning "leaf" and "phullarion" meaning "little leaf". The term was first introduced in botanical literature in the early 19th century to describe the small bracts that make up the involucre of a flower head in the Asteraceae (or composite) family. These bracts, known as phyllaries, surround and protect the flower head, and their name reflects their resemblance to small leaves.
