Correct spelling for the English word "phronesis" is [fɹˈə͡ʊnsiz], [fɹˈəʊnsiz], [f_ɹ_ˈəʊ_n_s_i_z] (IPA phonetic alphabet).
Phronesis, derived from the Greek word "phrónēsis," can be described as a concept encompassing practical wisdom, practical intelligence, or practical reasoning. It is an essential virtue in ethics and philosophy, particularly in the Aristotelian tradition. Phronesis involves the ability to discern the morally virtuous course of action in a particular situation, considering the specific context and particularities at hand.
In contrast to theoretical knowledge or theoretical wisdom (episteme), phronesis focuses on the application of knowledge and judgment in real-life situations. It involves the capacity to critically assess and navigate complex ethical and practical dilemmas, taking into account one's experience, values, and the goals of human flourishing.
Phronesis is often seen as a wisdom that develops over time, through practical experience and reflection, rather than being solely obtained through formal education or theoretical learning. It requires a deep understanding of what is good and virtuous, as well as an appreciation for the subtleties and nuances of the human condition.
The person possessing phronesis is considered an expert in practical reasoning and guided by moral virtues. They possess the ability to make well-informed, ethical choices that promote the well-being of individuals and communities. Phronesis, therefore, goes beyond simply determining what is right or wrong, but instead involves a comprehensive understanding of how to act wisely, justly, and virtuously in different circumstances.
The word "phronesis" is of Greek origin (φρόνησις) and is derived from the Greek verb "phronein" (φρονεῖν), which means "to think" or "to have understanding". In Ancient Greek philosophy, "phronesis" referred to practical wisdom or practical reason, associated with moral judgment, decision-making, and practical virtues. The term was introduced by Aristotle and has become an important concept in Western philosophical and ethical discussions.