PHOTOSYNTHESIS Meaning and
Definition
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Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy from the sun into chemical energy that is stored in the form of organic compounds. This vital process occurs in the chloroplasts of plant cells, particularly in the leaves, where chlorophyll pigments capture sunlight and initiate the chemical reactions involved in photosynthesis.
During photosynthesis, carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and water from the roots are combined to produce glucose and oxygen. The energy from sunlight is harnessed, fueling a series of chemical reactions that convert the absorbed light energy into stored energy in the form of glucose.
The glucose produced during photosynthesis serves as the primary energy source for plants. It is then broken down through cellular respiration to release the stored energy for various metabolic processes required for plant growth and development.
Photosynthesis is not only crucial for plants themselves but also plays a crucial role in Earth's ecosystems, as it is responsible for the oxygenation of the atmosphere. The byproduct of photosynthesis, oxygen, is released into the air, thereby supporting the respiratory needs of organisms that rely on it for survival.
In summary, photosynthesis is a complex biochemical process that converts sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water into glucose and oxygen. It is the primary mechanism through which plants and some microorganisms generate their own food and release oxygen into the environment.
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Etymology of PHOTOSYNTHESIS
The word "photosynthesis" is derived from the Greek words "phōs" meaning "light" and "synthesis" meaning "putting together" or "combining". The term was first coined by German physiologist Julius von Sachs in the late 19th century to describe the process by which plants use sunlight to synthesize energy-rich molecules (such as glucose) from carbon dioxide and water in the presence of chlorophyll.
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