Photosensitivity refers to a heightened reaction or sensitivity to light. It is a medical condition whereby the body reacts excessively or unusually to exposure to sunlight or other sources of light. This condition can occur due to various factors, such as genetic predisposition, medications, skin disorders, or underlying medical conditions.
People with photosensitivity may experience a range of symptoms when exposed to light, including redness, itching, rash, blistering, or general skin irritation. In severe cases, the reaction can be quite painful and may result in skin peeling or swelling. Additionally, photosensitivity can also manifest as eye discomfort, such as burning, watering, or sensitivity to bright light.
Photosensitivity can be classified into two main types: phototoxic and photoallergic reactions. Phototoxic reactions are more common and occur when certain medications or chemicals in the body, known as photosensitizing agents, react with light and cause damage to the skin cells. Photoallergic reactions, on the other hand, involve an immune system response to sunlight or other sources of light, resulting in an allergic reaction.
To manage photosensitivity, individuals are advised to take precautionary measures such as avoiding direct sunlight during peak hours, wearing protective clothing, using sunscreen with a high sun protection factor (SPF), and wearing UV-blocking sunglasses. In some cases, doctors may also prescribe medications or recommend specific treatments to alleviate the symptoms associated with photosensitivity.
