PHOSPHORYLASES Meaning and
Definition
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Phosphorylases are a type of enzyme that play a crucial role in biological systems by catalyzing the addition or removal of phosphate groups from molecules. They are part of a larger class of enzymes known as transferases, specifically classified as phosphotransferases.
Phosphorylases act primarily on molecules such as sugars, nucleotides, and proteins, altering their functional properties by adding or removing phosphate groups from specific locations. This process, known as phosphorylation, serves as a significant regulatory mechanism in cells, controlling various cellular processes, including metabolism, signal transduction, and gene expression.
The mechanism of phosphorylase action involves the transfer of a phosphate group from a donor molecule, typically ATP (adenosine triphosphate) or a related compound, to an acceptor molecule. In the case of sugar phosphorylases, for example, glucose-1-phosphate can be generated from glycogen by the action of glycogen phosphorylase. Similarly, in the context of protein phosphorylases, specific amino acid residues can be phosphorylated, altering the protein's structure and function.
Phosphorylases are found throughout all forms of life, including animals, plants, and microorganisms. They are often regulated by other molecules, including hormones or signaling molecules, which activate or inhibit their activity, thus enabling fine-tuned control of cellular processes.
Overall, phosphorylases are key players in cellular regulation and metabolism, enabling the cells to respond and adapt to changing conditions.
Common Misspellings for PHOSPHORYLASES
- phosphorylase
- ohosphorylases
- lhosphorylases
- -hosphorylases
- 0hosphorylases
- pgosphorylases
- pbosphorylases
- pnosphorylases
- pjosphorylases
- puosphorylases
- pyosphorylases
- phisphorylases
- phksphorylases
- phlsphorylases
- phpsphorylases
- ph0sphorylases
- ph9sphorylases
- phoaphorylases
- phozphorylases
- phoxphorylases
Etymology of PHOSPHORYLASES
The word "phosphorylases" has a Greek and Latin etymology.
The term is derived from the Greek word "phosphoros", meaning "light-bringing" or "light-bearing", which itself comes from "phos", meaning "light", and "phorein", meaning "to bear" or "to carry". In the biological context, "phosphoros" refers to the phosphorus-containing compounds that play essential roles in cellular energy processes.
The suffix "-ylase" comes from Latin and is used to designate enzymes that break down or form specific chemical bonds. It is derived from the Latin word "-ylus", which means "an enzyme or ferments substance".
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