Phalanges refer to the bones that constitute the fingers and toes in the human body. These bones are an essential part of the skeletal system, forming the framework and providing support and mobility to the digits. The term "phalanges" is derived from the Greek word "phalanx," which means a line of battle formation.
In total, each hand and foot contain 14 phalanges, divided into three sections: proximal, middle, and distal. The fingers possess three phalanges each, except for the thumb, which consists of two. Meanwhile, the toes have two phalanges each, except for the big toe, which consists of only two phalanges.
The phalanges vary in size and shape as they progress from the base to the tip of the digits. They are thin and elongated bones with a strong, compact structure, aiding in grasping, gripping, and manipulation tasks. These bones articulate with adjacent bones, mainly the metacarpals and metatarsals, through joints called interphalangeal joints.
Phalanges play a crucial role in dexterity, tactile sensing, and overall mobility of the hands and feet. They serve as attachment points for muscles, tendons, and ligaments, contributing to precise and coordinated movements. Additionally, the phalanges protect the nerves and blood vessels that traverse through them. Understanding the structure and function of the phalanges is vital in numerous medical disciplines, including orthopedics, anatomy, and biomechanics.
