Peul refers to a distinct ethnic group residing predominantly in West Africa, particularly in countries such as Senegal, Mali, Guinea, and Mauritania. Also known as the Fula or Fulani people, they are one of the largest ethnic groups in the region, with a population exceeding 40 million. Peul people are traditionally pastoralists, although many have diversified their livelihoods to include farming, trade, and other occupations.
This ethnic group is recognized for their nomadic lifestyle, relying on cattle rearing and transhumance to sustain their livelihoods. The Peul are known for their expertise in managing large herds of cattle across vast grasslands and pastures. They have adapted to various environments, such as the Sahel region, the grassy plains of the Senegal River valley, and the mountainous regions of Fouta Djallon.
The Peul are recognized for their rich cultural heritage, including unique traditions, folklore, music, and clothing. They have a structured social organization based on kinship ties and often adhere to Islamic beliefs, though some retain their pre-Islamic religious practices. The Peul language, known as Fula or Fulfulde, is a Niger-Congo language and is spoken by the majority of the ethnic group.
Historically, the Peul people have played significant roles in regional politics, trade, and academic pursuits. They have influenced the socio-cultural landscape of West Africa and continue to contribute to the region's dynamism and diversity.
