Pestis galli myxoviruses are a group of viruses belonging to the family Orthomyxoviridae, which primarily infect avian species, particularly domestic poultry such as chickens. The name "Pestis galli" is derived from Latin, meaning "plague of chickens," highlighting the severe impact these viruses can have on poultry populations.
These myxoviruses are enveloped, single-stranded RNA viruses with a segmented genome. They are spherical or filamentous in shape, ranging in size from 80 to 120 nanometers. Pestis galli myxoviruses are classified into influenza virus type A, type B, type C, and type D, based on their antigenic properties and genetic characteristics.
Infections caused by pestis galli myxoviruses typically result in respiratory distress, decreased egg production, and high mortality rates in chickens. The viruses are primarily transmitted through respiratory droplets, as infected birds shed the virus in nasal secretions, feces, and feathers. The incubation period for infection varies, but generally ranges from 1 to 5 days.
Control measures for pestis galli myxoviruses involve implementing strict biosecurity practices, such as limiting contact between infected and susceptible poultry populations, disinfection of premises, and proper vaccine administration. Vaccines have proven effective in reducing the severity of infections and preventing outbreaks.
While the primary impact of pestis galli myxoviruses is seen in domestic poultry, some strains are known to sporadically infect humans, causing mild influenza-like illness. However, human infections with these viruses are relatively rare and do not typically result in severe disease.
