PESHWA Meaning and
Definition
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Peshwa is a term originated from the Marathi language, used primarily to refer to the highest-ranking minister or chief advisor to the rulers of the Maratha Empire in India during the 18th century. The term "peshwa" is composed of two Marathi words: "pesh," meaning foremost or primary, and "wa," equivalent to a post or position.
In the context of the Maratha Empire, the peshwa held considerable power and influence, acting as the de facto ruler and head of the government. They were responsible for overseeing important administrative, political, and military affairs on behalf of the ruler, known as the "chhatrapati." The peshwa played a crucial role in maintaining the empire's stability and expanding its territories through military conquests.
The peshwa's duties included leading the army during military campaigns, negotiating diplomatic relations with other states, overseeing taxation and revenue collection, and managing the bureaucratic and judicial systems. They wielded significant control and authority over various provinces under the Maratha rule.
Historically, notable peshwas include Balaji Vishwanath, Baji Rao I, and his descendants. The peshwa system continued until the downfall of the Maratha Empire in the early 19th century following conflicts with the British East India Company.
In contemporary usage, the term "peshwa" may also refer to a historical era or the position of the peshwa itself, exemplifying the significant role played by these chief ministers in the governance and history of the Maratha Empire.
Etymology of PESHWA
The word "peshwa" is derived from the Persian term "paishwa" which means "foremost" or "prime minister". It entered the Marathi language through Persian influence during the time of the Mughal Empire in India. In the context of Indian history, the term specifically refers to the highest administrative and military authority in the Maratha Empire, with the peshwa acting as the chief minister and principal advisor to the king.
