Persistent ostium primum, also known as atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD), is a congenital heart defect characterized by an abnormality in the structure of the heart, specifically in the atrial and ventricular septa. This condition occurs when there is a failure of the septum primum to close completely during the development of the heart in the womb.
In a normal heart, there are two separate atria and two separate ventricles, with a septum dividing them. However, in the case of persistent ostium primum, there is an abnormal hole, or ostium primum, in the septum between the atria. This creates a connection, allowing blood to mix between the left and right chambers of the heart.
The presence of this opening can cause several complications. Blood flow within the heart can become abnormal, leading to a mixture of oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood. As a result, the body may not receive enough oxygenated blood, leading to symptoms such as fatigue, shortness of breath, and delayed growth. Additionally, persistent ostium primum can cause strain on the heart, leading to enlargement of the heart chambers and potential heart failure.
Treatment for persistent ostium primum generally requires surgical intervention, typically repairing the septum to close the opening. Depending on the severity and associated abnormalities, other procedures or interventions may be necessary. Early detection and intervention can improve prognosis and prevent further complications associated with the condition. Follow-up care and monitoring by a healthcare professional are often necessary to ensure proper management of persistent ostium primum.
