Persistent common atrioventricular canal, also known as atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD), is a congenital heart condition characterized by an abnormal development of the heart, specifically the septum and valves. This rare condition occurs when there is a failure in the normal separation and formation of the atria and ventricles during fetal development.
In a normal heart, a septum separates the atria and ventricles, and there are two separate valves, the mitral valve on the left side and the tricuspid valve on the right side. However, in persistent common atrioventricular canal, the septum does not fully form, resulting in a single large opening between the chambers of the heart. This anomaly allows the mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood, leading to inadequate circulation and oxygen supply to the body.
Common symptoms of persistent common atrioventricular canal include rapid breathing, poor weight gain, fatigue, frequent respiratory or lung infections, and bluish discoloration of the skin, lips, or nail beds (cyanosis). Additionally, affected individuals may exhibit a heart murmur, which is an abnormal sound caused by the blood flowing through the defective valves.
Treatment for persistent common atrioventricular canal typically involves surgical intervention to repair the structural abnormalities. The goal of the surgery is to close the opening between the chambers of the heart and reconstruct the valves. Without surgical correction, persistent common atrioventricular canal can lead to serious complications, including heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, and irreversible damage to the heart and lungs.
Given the complexity of this condition, ongoing medical management and follow-up care are necessary to monitor heart health and address any potential complications.
