Peroneal Nerve Paralysis, also known as peroneal nerve palsy or foot drop, refers to a medical condition characterized by the inability to lift the front part of the foot resulting from damage or dysfunction of the peroneal nerve. The peroneal nerve is a branch of the sciatic nerve that provides sensation and movement to the muscles of the lower leg, as well as the top of the foot.
The condition is commonly caused by trauma or injury, such as fractures, compression, or prolonged pressure on the nerve, often seen in cases of knee dislocation or surgery. Other potential causes include nerve entrapment or compression due to tight-fitting shoes, prolonged crossed-leg sitting, or conditions like diabetes, multiple sclerosis, or peripheral neuropathy.
Symptoms of peroneal nerve paralysis typically include weakness or complete inability to dorsiflex or lift the foot upwards, resulting in a dragging or slapping gait. Sensation may also be impaired along the top of the foot and outer part of the lower leg. Pain, numbness, or tingling may be present, depending on the underlying cause.
Treatment for peroneal nerve paralysis aims to address the underlying cause and relieve pressure on the nerve. Conservative approaches include physical therapy, exercises to strengthen the muscles around the foot and ankle, and the use of braces or splints to support the foot when walking. In severe cases or when conservative treatments fail, surgical intervention may be necessary to repair damaged nerves or release any entrapped structures.
Early detection and appropriate treatment are important in order to prevent long-term complications such as permanent weakness, muscle atrophy, or chronic gait abnormalities associated with peroneal nerve paralysis.
