Peripheral Giant Cell Granuloma (PGCG) is a type of oral lesion characterized by the presence of non-neoplastic, reactive giant cells and a histopathological appearance resembling granulation tissue. It is a benign lesion that occurs exclusively in the soft tissues of the oral cavity, specifically in the gingiva or edentulous alveolar mucosa.
PGCG typically presents as a painless, firm, or sessile mass that is red or purplish-red in color. It commonly affects the anterior gingiva and can range in size from a few millimeters to several centimeters. The exact cause of PGCG is still unknown, but it is thought to be associated with local irritants such as plaque, calculus, or trauma.
Microscopically, PGCG is characterized by the presence of numerous multinucleated giant cells, mononuclear inflammatory cells, and a rich vascular stroma. It can histologically resemble other giant cell lesions, such as central giant cell granuloma, but the peripheral location of PGCG differentiates it from these lesions.
The treatment of PGCG involves conservative surgical excision, which usually leads to complete resolution of the lesion. However, recurrence may occur in some cases. Regular dental check-ups and maintenance of good oral hygiene practices are essential in preventing the development of PGCG.
In summary, Peripheral Giant Cell Granuloma is a benign oral lesion characterized by the presence of reactive giant cells and granulation tissue-like histology. It typically affects the gingiva and is often associated with local irritants. Prompt surgical excision and good oral hygiene are essential for managing this lesion effectively.
