Periost is a term used in anatomy and medicine to refer to the fibrous membrane that covers the outer surface of bones, except for the areas where they come together to form joints. It is often described as a hard, dense, and irregular connective tissue layer that provides protection, nourishment, and attachment points for muscles and tendons.
The periost serves as a crucial layer in bone growth and development. It contains specialized cells, such as osteoblasts, which play a vital role in bone formation by producing new bone tissue. This process is essential for the repair of fractures or other bone injuries.
In addition to its structural and supportive functions, the periost also plays a part in sensory perception. It contains a network of nerves and blood vessels that supply the bone with nutrients and oxygen, as well as transmit sensory information, such as pain or pressure.
When the periost becomes inflamed, a condition known as periostitis can occur, causing localized pain, tenderness, and swelling. This condition can arise from various factors, including infection, repetitive stress or trauma, or underlying medical conditions.
In summary, the periost is the fibrous membrane that covers the outer surface of bones, contributing to their growth, protection, and attachment to muscles and tendons. It plays a vital role in bone formation, sensory perception, and can be affected by inflammation or injury.
