Perianal gland neoplasms refer to a group of tumors that develop in the perianal region, which is the area surrounding the anus. These neoplasms originate from the perianal glands, which are small sebaceous glands located in the skin near the anus.
Perianal gland neoplasms encompass a range of both benign (non-cancerous) and malignant (cancerous) tumors. Benign perianal gland neoplasms typically include anal gland adenomas, which are nodules or masses formed by abnormal growth of glandular cells. On the other hand, malignant perianal gland neoplasms consist of anal gland adenocarcinomas, which are aggressive and invasive cancers originating from the perianal glands.
The exact cause of perianal gland neoplasms is unknown, but there are several risk factors that have been identified. These factors include age, with older individuals being more prone to developing these tumors, as well as genetic predisposition, hormonal imbalances, and inflammation in the perianal region.
Symptoms of perianal gland neoplasms may vary depending on the type and stage of the tumor, but common signs include the presence of a lump or mass near the anus, changes in bowel habits, bleeding, pain, discomfort, and in some cases, discharge. Diagnosing perianal gland neoplasms usually involves a comprehensive physical examination, along with imaging tests such as ultrasound, biopsy, and sometimes imaging studies like magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) scans.
Treatment options for perianal gland neoplasms depend on the type, size, and extent of the tumor, as well as the patient's overall health. Treatment may involve
