Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) is a medical diagnostic procedure used to visualize and evaluate the bile ducts within the liver. It is performed by inserting a thin needle through the skin and into the liver to inject a contrast dye directly into the bile ducts. This allows for the X-ray visualization of the bile duct system, aiding in the diagnosis and evaluation of various liver and biliary disorders.
During a PTC procedure, the patient is generally placed under local anesthesia or conscious sedation to minimize discomfort. Under the guidance of fluoroscopy or ultrasound, a trained interventional radiologist or hepatobiliary surgeon carefully advances the needle through the skin, subcutaneous tissues, and liver parenchyma until it reaches the bile ducts. Once properly positioned, the contrast dye is injected, highlighting the bile ducts and enabling clear visualization on X-ray images.
PTC can be employed to diagnose conditions such as bile duct obstruction, strictures, stones, tumors, or congenital abnormalities within the bile ducts. It also allows for the subsequent placement of drainage catheters or stents in cases where bile duct obstructions are present. By visualizing the structure and function of the bile ducts, healthcare professionals can make accurate assessments and determine appropriate treatment plans, including potential surgical interventions or other minimally invasive procedures.
While PTC is generally considered a safe and effective diagnostic tool, there are potential complications associated with the procedure, including bleeding, infection, injury to surrounding structures, or adverse reactions to the contrast dye. Therefore, it is typically performed by skilled healthcare providers in specialized medical facilities equipped with the necessary imaging and interventional tools.
