Pronunciation: [pˈɛləm] (IPA) 
The word "pelham" is a bit tricky when it comes to spelling. It is pronounced /ˈpɛləm/ (PEL-uhm), with the stress falling on the first syllable. At first glance, it may seem like there should be a double 'l' in the middle of the word, but this is not the case. The origin of the word is from the surname of Henry Pelham, a British statesman in the 18th century, and his family owned a town in New Hampshire, USA, which was named after them.
The term "pelham" refers to a type of horse bit commonly used in equestrian riding. This bit is designed specifically for horses that require a more advanced level of control and responsiveness from the rider. The pelham bit consists of a mouthpiece, usually made of metal, with shanks extending from either side. These shanks are attached to a single set of reins.
The pelham bit is considered a combination bit as it combines elements of both a snaffle and a curb bit. The mouthpiece of the pelham bit operates like a snaffle, exerting direct pressure on the horse's tongue and lips. However, when rein pressure is applied, the shanks come into action and provide a leverage effect.
This bit is known for its versatility as it can be adjusted to various levels of severity depending on the placement of the reins on the different rings of the shanks. Riders use the pelham bit for horses that need additional control, such as strong-willed or stubborn animals. It is often seen in disciplines such as show jumping, eventing, and hunting.
However, it is important for riders to use the pelham bit with knowledge and skill, as it can be harsh if not properly utilized. Professional guidance and training are recommended for riders using the pelham bit for the first time to ensure the horse's comfort and safety.
The word "pelham" originated in England in the early 18th century and is derived from the name of a small market town called "Pelham" in Hertfordshire. The town's name, in turn, traces back to the Old English personal name "Peotela" or "Peotla" combined with the Old English word "ham", meaning "homestead" or "village". Over time, "Pelham" became associated with a particular type of bit used in horse riding, known for its distinctive cheekpieces, which were extended downward and attached to the bit rings. The name of the bit eventually extended to other objects or concepts that resembled its characteristic design, such as a style of cigar or a type of firearm.
