Parasympathetic blocking agents, also known as anticholinergics or cholinergic antagonists, are a class of medications that inhibit or block the activity of the parasympathetic nervous system. The parasympathetic nervous system is one of the branches of the autonomic nervous system responsible for regulating involuntary bodily functions.
These agents work by binding to and blocking the receptors for a neurotransmitter called acetylcholine. This inhibitory action prevents acetylcholine from binding to its receptors and transmitting signals, consequently reducing parasympathetic nerve impulses.
Parasympathetic blocking agents can have several effects on the body. By inhibiting the parasympathetic nervous system, these medications cause a decrease in the tone and motility of smooth muscles, such as those found in the intestines, urinary bladder, and bronchi.
Moreover, these agents may also cause relaxation of spastic muscles, decrease salivary and bronchial secretions, and reduce sweating. Additionally, they can increase heart rate and dilate the pupils by blocking the normal parasympathetic innervation to the heart and eye muscles.
Due to their ability to inhibit various bodily functions, parasympathetic blocking agents have several medical applications. They are commonly used in the treatment of certain gastrointestinal disorders, such as irritable bowel syndrome and peptic ulcers. Additionally, these agents are employed for preoperative procedures to decrease salivary secretions and in eye examinations to dilate the pupils.
However, it is important to note that parasympathetic blocking agents may also cause several side effects, including dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, urinary retention, increased heart rate, and cognitive impairments. These medications should be used under the guidance and
