Parasitic ocular infections refer to the invasion and infestation of the eye by parasitic organisms that disrupt the normal functioning of the ocular structures. These infections are caused by various types of parasites, such as protozoa, helminths, and arthropods, which can infect different parts of the eye, including the eyelids, conjunctiva, cornea, iris, and intraocular structures.
Protozoal parasites that commonly cause ocular infections include Acanthamoeba and Toxoplasma gondii. Acanthamoeba keratitis is a potentially sight-threatening infection that affects the cornea, leading to severe pain, redness, and vision impairment. Toxoplasmosis is caused by Toxoplasma gondii and can cause retinal inflammation, leading to blurred vision or even vision loss.
Helminthic parasites that can cause ocular infections include Onchocerca volvulus, which causes river blindness, and Loa loa, causing loiasis. These infections can involve the eye and its surrounding tissues, leading to various symptoms like itching, redness, and visual disturbances.
Arthropods, such as fleas, ticks, and lice, can also transmit ocular parasites. For example, severe form of ocular larva migrans can occur due to infestation with Toxocara canis larvae, which are typically found in the intestines of dogs. These larvae can migrate to different parts of the eye, causing inflammation, scarring, and visual damage.
The management of parasitic ocular infections typically involves a combination of antiparasitic medications, anti-inflammatory drugs, and supportive therapies. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent further complications and minimize potential vision loss.
