Paraneoplastic autonomic dysfunctions refer to a group of medical conditions that result from an abnormal immune response to cancer. It involves dysfunction or damage to the autonomic nervous system, which controls various involuntary bodily functions. This condition typically occurs as a secondary complication of cancer and is not directly caused by the tumor itself.
Paraneoplastic autonomic dysfunctions can affect multiple aspects of autonomic nervous system functioning, including blood pressure regulation, heart rate control, digestion, perspiration, and bladder control. Symptoms may vary depending on the specific aspect of autonomic dysfunction, but commonly include orthostatic hypotension (low blood pressure upon standing), rapid heart rate, abnormal sweating, constipation, urinary incontinence, and sexual dysfunction.
The exact pathophysiology of paraneoplastic autonomic dysfunctions is not fully understood. It is believed that cancer cells release certain proteins or antigens that trigger an immune response, resulting in the production of autoantibodies that mistakenly attack healthy cells in the autonomic nervous system. The presence of these autoantibodies can be detected through laboratory tests, aiding in the diagnosis of this condition.
Treatment for paraneoplastic autonomic dysfunctions primarily involves managing the underlying cancer and suppressing the abnormal immune response. Immunosuppressive medications, such as corticosteroids or intravenous immunoglobulin, may be prescribed to control the autoimmune reaction. Additionally, symptomatic management is crucial to alleviate specific symptoms and improve the patient's quality of life. Physical therapy, dietary modifications, medications for blood pressure control, and other supportive measures may be employed to address individual symptoms.
