Pannonia Inferior, also known as Lower Pannonia, was a historical region in the eastern part of the Roman Empire. The term specifically refers to the southern portion of the broader region of Pannonia, which encompassed present-day Hungary, Croatia, Serbia, and parts of Austria, Slovakia, and Slovenia.
During the Roman period, Pannonia Inferior was a Roman province that was established in the 1st century AD after the Roman conquest of the region. It was strategically located along the Danube River, which made it an important frontier province.
Geographically, Pannonia Inferior bordered Pannonia Superior to the north, Moesia (another Roman province) to the east, and Dalmatia (a further Roman province) to the south. Its terrain was characterized by fertile plains, river valleys, and low hills.
Pannonia Inferior had several major cities, including Sirmium (present-day Sremska Mitrovica in Serbia) and Aquincum (present-day Budapest in Hungary), both of which played significant roles in the region's administration, trade, and culture.
Throughout its history, Pannonia Inferior saw various political and societal changes as it shifted between Roman, Byzantine, and even barbarian rule. It was also subjected to multiple invasions by other tribes and peoples, such as the Goths and Huns.
Today, the region once known as Pannonia Inferior is spread across modern-day Hungary, Croatia, Serbia, and parts of Austria, Slovakia, and Slovenia. Its rich historical heritage still influences the culture and history of these countries, with ancient ruins, archaeological sites, and artifacts serving as reminders of its prominent past.
