Ovine Catarrhal Fever Virus, also known as OCFV, is a highly contagious viral disease that primarily affects sheep and goats. It belongs to the genus Malignant Catarrhal Fever Virus within the Herpesviridae family. OCFV is characterized by respiratory symptoms, fever, and generalized inflammation, which can lead to severe illness and even death in infected animals.
The virus is primarily transmitted through direct contact with infected animals, particularly through nasal secretions and saliva. It can also spread indirectly through contaminated surfaces or objects. OCFV can be particularly problematic in areas where domestic sheep or goats coexist with wild ruminants, such as deer and antelope, which act as asymptomatic carriers of the virus.
Clinical signs of OCFV include nasal discharge, coughing, sneezing, conjunctivitis, and fever. Affected animals may also exhibit decreased appetite, lethargy, and weight loss. In severe cases, OCFV can cause neurological symptoms, including abnormal behavior and paralysis.
Diagnosing OCFV involves laboratory testing, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and virus isolation from nasal secretions, blood, or tissue samples. There is currently no specific treatment for the virus, so management practices focus mainly on supportive care to alleviate symptoms and prevent secondary infections.
Prevention and control of Ovine Catarrhal Fever Virus primarily rely on vaccination, strict quarantine measures, and separation of domestic sheep and goats from wildlife reservoirs. Enhanced biosecurity practices, including disinfection and isolation of infected animals, can also help limit the spread of the virus within flocks or herds.
