Osteonecrosis is a medical condition that refers to the death of bone tissue due to a lack of blood supply. The term "osteonecrosis" is derived from the Greek words "osteo," meaning bone, and "necrosis," meaning death. Also known as aseptic necrosis or avascular necrosis, this condition affects different bones in the body, particularly those that have limited blood flow.
Osteonecrosis typically occurs when the blood vessels that supply oxygen and nutrients to the bone are blocked or damaged, leading to the death of bone cells. It can affect various bone structures, including joints, such as the hip, knee, or shoulder, or bones in the hands, feet, or jaw.
Common causes of osteonecrosis include trauma or injury, certain medical conditions such as sickle cell disease or lupus, long-term use of corticosteroid medications, excessive alcohol consumption, and radiation therapy. Symptoms may vary depending on the affected area, but can include pain, limited range of motion, stiffness, and eventually the collapse of the bone structure.
Diagnosis of osteonecrosis often involves physical examination, medical history review, and imaging tests like X-rays, MRI scans, or bone scans. Treatment aims to relieve pain, slow down the progression of bone damage, and improve the functionality of the affected area. Options may include medications to alleviate pain and reduce inflammation, the use of crutches or braces for support, and in severe cases, surgical procedures like joint replacement or bone grafting.
Overall, osteonecrosis is a pathological condition characterized by the death of bone tissue caused by a compromised blood supply.
