Osseous tissue, also known as bone tissue, is a specialized type of connective tissue that makes up the structural framework of the vertebrate skeletal system. It is characterized by its unique composition and structural arrangement, providing the body with support, protection, and locomotion.
Osseous tissue is primarily composed of extracellular matrix and cells. The extracellular matrix consists of inorganic mineral salts, mainly calcium and phosphate, which form hydroxyapatite crystals that give bones their hardness and rigidity. The matrix also contains organic collagen fibers, providing flexibility and strength to the overall structure of bones.
The cells found in osseous tissue include osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts. Osteoblasts are responsible for bone formation, secreting the organic components of the matrix that precursor cells use to build new bone. Once enclosed within the matrix, osteoblasts become osteocytes, which are the mature and fully functional bone cells. Osteoclasts are responsible for bone resorption, breaking down and recycling old or damaged bone tissue.
Osseous tissue is highly vascularized, meaning it is richly supplied with blood vessels that deliver oxygen and nutrients to the cells within bones, as well as remove waste products. It also contains nerves, allowing for sensation and proprioception.
In summary, osseous tissue is the specialized connective tissue that forms the structural basis of the skeletal system. Its unique composition, including extracellular matrix and cells, provides bones with strength, hardness, and flexibility, allowing for support, protection, and movement of the body.
