The term "oscillating universe" refers to a hypothetical model of the universe that suggests that the universe goes through a series of expansions and contractions, creating a cyclical pattern. The spelling of this word is "ˈɒsəleɪtɪŋ juːnɪvɜːs," according to the International Phonetic Alphabet. The "os-" at the beginning indicates the root word "oscillate," meaning to swing back and forth. The "-ating" suffix creates a present participle form, indicating ongoing action. The word "universe" refers to the entirety of existence.
An "oscillating universe" refers to a theoretical model of the universe's evolution that suggests it goes through successive cycles of expansion and contraction. This concept posits that the universe undergoes a recurring pattern of expansion, followed by a period of contraction which eventually leads to a "Big Crunch." Subsequently, the universe rebounds from this contraction and undergoes another phase of expansion, initiating a new cycle.
In an oscillating universe scenario, the cycle begins with the "Big Bang," in which the universe begins its process of expansion. During this phase, matter and energy spread out, forming galaxies, stars, and ultimately, life as we know it. As the expansion progresses, gravity gradually slows down the universe's expansion rate until it reaches a point where contracting forces, driven by gravity, gain the upper hand.
Consequently, the universe starts contracting gradually, pulling galaxies, stars, and other matter closer together. This contraction continues until it reaches a critical point known as the "Big Crunch," where all matter and energy in the universe collapse into an immensely dense point.
However, the oscillating universe theory suggests that this contraction phase is not the definitive end but is followed by a subsequent expansion phase, known as the "Big Bounce." During this phase, the matter and energy previously compressed during the Big Crunch undergo a new cycle of expansion, initiating a brand-new universe.
The oscillating universe hypothesis offers an alternative to the commonly accepted model of the universe's ultimate fate, which suggests that it will expand indefinitely.
The word "oscillating" derives from the Latin word "oscillare", meaning "to swing". It is derived from the Latin noun "oscillum", which referred to a small mask or face, often used as a decoration in religious ceremonies and swinging or dancing during festivities.
The term "universe" comes from the Latin word "universus" which means "all turned into one". It combines "uni" meaning "one" and "versus" meaning "turned".
Therefore, the term "oscillating universe" refers to a concept where the universe is cyclical or exhibits periodic expansion and contraction, similar to a swinging motion.