An ortolan is a small migratory bird belonging to the bunting family, Emberizidae, and specifically the species Emberiza hortulana. It is native to Europe, primarily found in France, Spain, and Italy.
The ortolan is known for its petite size, measuring about 15 centimeters in length. It has a stocky build, short tail, and a distinctive greenish-yellow plumage with brown streaks on the upper body and a grayish-brown color underneath. The bird also possesses a robust bill, which aids in its feeding habits.
Historically, the ortolan has been a favored culinary delicacy, particularly in French gastronomy. Traditionally, it is captured and force-fed to fatten the bird, a practice known as "gras." This process doubles its weight, resulting in a highly sought-after gastronomic product.
Due to concerns about the decline of ortolan populations and conservation efforts, capturing and consuming these birds has become highly regulated and prohibited in many countries. The ortolan's decline is predominantly attributed to habitat loss, changes in land use practices, and illegal hunting.
Furthermore, ortolan reverberates cultural significance, representing luxury, indulgence, and tradition, particularly in France. Despite growing controversy surrounding the practice and the impact on bird populations, it continues to be a contentious topic, with debates about the ethics and sustainability of consuming ortolan.
