ORTHOPERIODIC ACID Meaning and
Definition
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Orthoperiodic acid is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula H5IO6. It is an oxoacid, meaning it contains oxygen atoms and is capable of donating one or more protons (H+) in aqueous solutions. Orthoperiodic acid is derived from iodine and is classified as an iodine oxoacid due to the presence of iodine atoms.
Orthoperiodic acid is a crystalline solid that is highly soluble in water, forms acidic solutions, and exhibits strong oxidizing properties. It consists of hydrogen (H) atoms bonded to the oxygen (O) atoms of the periodate ion, which consists of one iodine (I) atom and four oxygen (O) atoms.
The structure of orthoperiodic acid consists of a central iodine atom surrounded by four oxygen atoms in a tetrahedral arrangement. The oxygen atoms form covalent bonds with iodine and share electrons, while the hydrogen atoms form polar covalent bonds with the oxygen atoms. Due to the electronegativity difference between iodine and oxygen, the iodine atom carries a partial positive charge, while the oxygen atoms carry partial negative charges.
Orthoperiodic acid is utilized as a strong oxidizing agent in various chemical reactions, particularly in organic synthesis. It can be used to convert primary alcohols into aldehydes and secondary alcohols into ketones. Its powerful oxidizing properties make it a useful reagent in analytical chemistry and laboratory research.
Etymology of ORTHOPERIODIC ACID
The word "orthoperiodic acid" is derived from the combination of "ortho-" and "periodic acid".
The term "ortho-" in chemistry usually refers to a positional descriptor, indicating that a compound has substituents or functional groups in positions 1 and 2 of a benzene ring. In the context of "orthoperiodic acid", however, "ortho-" does not refer to any specific positional arrangement but is used to differentiate it from other forms of periodic acid.
"Periodic acid" is a compound with the formula HIO₄. The name "periodic" comes from the fact that the acid is derived from iodine, one of the elements located in Group 17 (Group VIIA) of the periodic table. The suffix "-ic" in "periodic" implies that the oxidation state of iodine in the acid is the highest possible, +7.
