Ornithosis, also known as psittacosis or parrot fever, is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Chlamydia psittaci. It primarily affects birds, but can also be transmitted to humans and certain other animals. The disease is commonly found in parrots, cockatiels, budgerigars, and other psittacine birds, as well as poultry and wild birds.
In birds, ornithosis usually manifests as respiratory and systemic symptoms. Infected birds may display labored breathing, eye swelling, nasal discharge, poor appetite, lethargy, and weight loss. The bacterium is shed in the feces, respiratory secretions, and feather dust of infected birds, making it highly contagious among avian populations.
Transmission to humans typically occurs through inhalation of contaminated droplets or dust particles from infected birds. Therefore, individuals who work closely with birds, such as bird owners, farmers, pet shop employees, and veterinarians, are at a higher risk of contracting ornithosis. In humans, the symptoms can range from mild flu-like illness to severe pneumonia and, in rare cases, even death. Symptoms may include fever, headache, muscle aches, coughing, shortness of breath, and chest pain.
Treatment for ornithosis usually involves antibiotics such as tetracycline or doxycycline, which are effective against the Chlamydia bacterium. It is important to promptly treat both infected birds and humans to prevent further spread of the disease.
To prevent ornithosis, proper hygiene practices should be followed when handling and caring for birds. This includes regular handwashing, avoiding close contact with sick birds, wearing protective clothing, and properly cleaning and disinfecting bird cages and equipment.
