Order Trichoptera, commonly known as caddisflies, is a group of insects found in freshwater habitats worldwide. Trichoptera is derived from the Greek words "trichos" meaning hair and "pteron" meaning wing, referring to the hairy wings of most species in this order.
Caddisflies typically have moth-like appearances, with slender bodies and two pairs of wings covered in fine hairs. They exhibit a variety of colors, ranging from dull brown to vibrant green, with intricate patterning on their wings and bodies. Their wingspan varies, but most species measure between 6 to 40 millimeters.
These insects undergo complete metamorphosis, passing through four distinct life stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult. The larvae, commonly known as caddisworms or caseworms, are aquatic and construct portable cases using silk and various natural materials like stones, grains of sand, or pieces of plants. The cases serve as protection against predators and provide camouflage.
Trichoptera larvae are crucial members of freshwater ecosystems, acting as filter feeders, detritus processors, and predators. They contribute to nutrient recycling and play a significant role in maintaining water quality. As predators, caddisfly larvae feed on other small invertebrates, contributing to the balance of aquatic populations.
During the pupal stage, the caddisfly larvae enclose themselves in silken cocoons attached to substrates such as vegetation, rocks, or logs. After a short period, the adults emerge, leaving the empty pupal cases behind.
Adult caddisflies have short lifespans, often only a few weeks, during which they focus on reproduction. While some species are non-feeding, others may feed on nectar and
