Ordeal bean, scientifically known as Physostigma venenosum, is a leguminous plant native to West Africa. Also referred to as Calabar bean, the ordeal bean derives its name from its historical use as a test or ordeal to determine guilt or innocence in certain tribal cultures. The seeds of this plant contain a potent alkaloid known as physostigmine or eserine, which is highly toxic and has a variety of effects on the nervous system.
The ordeal bean is a woody, twining vine that produces elongated, flattened pods. Inside these pods, distinctively marked seeds with a black spot at one end can be found. The seeds are the primary source of physostigmine and are used in both medicine and toxicology.
In medicine, physostigmine derived from the ordeal beans has been employed as a treatment for various conditions, particularly myasthenia gravis, which is characterized by muscle weakness and fatigue. It functions as a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, increasing the levels of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in the body.
However, despite its medicinal applications, the ordeal bean is highly toxic and can cause severe poisoning if consumed in excessive amounts. Symptoms of poisoning include nausea, vomiting, tremors, convulsions, paralysis, and potentially death due to respiratory failure. Due to the potential dangers associated with the ordeal bean, it is strictly regulated and controlled in many countries.
Overall, the ordeal bean is a plant with notable historical significance due to its association with tribal ordeals and its pharmacological properties. However, caution must be exercised when handling or consuming the ordeal bean due to its toxicity.
