The term "orbital holding pattern" refers to a specific flight maneuver employed by aircraft while waiting to land at an airport, especially during peak traffic periods or when air traffic control instructs pilots to delay their approach. It involves the aircraft flying a precise path in a circular or racetrack pattern at a designated altitude in the airspace around the airport.
Also known as a holding pattern or simply holding, this aviation technique ensures a safe and orderly flow of air traffic by allowing planes to remain within a designated area until they receive clearance to proceed with their landing approach. The aim is to avoid congestion and maintain separation between aircraft.
When entering an orbital holding pattern, the aircraft follows a predetermined track defined by a combination of radial bearings, distances, and time estimates. Pilots must adhere to specific speed and turn instructions to maintain the assigned holding pattern, typically specified by the air traffic control.
The duration spent in an orbital holding pattern largely depends on the instructions given by air traffic control, which is influenced by various factors such as airport congestion, weather conditions, or conflicting air traffic. Once clearance to land is given, the aircraft will exit the holding pattern and proceed with its final approach to the runway.
Overall, the orbital holding pattern is a vital operational tool that aids in managing air traffic flow, mitigating delays, and ensuring the safety of aircraft during times when landing congestion occurs or other circumstances prevent immediate approach and landing.
