The Orange Free State was a sovereign state situated in South Africa, between 1854 and 1902. The word "Orange" is pronounced /ˈɒrɪndʒ/ (or-rinj) with stress on the first syllable, while "Free State" is pronounced /friː steɪt/ (free stayt). This spelling of "orange" is distinct from the color "orange," which is also pronounced /ˈɒrɪndʒ/. The Orange Free State is renowned for being part of the Boer republics and played a significant role in the Second Boer War.
The Orange Free State was a historical independent republic located in Southern Africa during the 19th and early 20th centuries. The term refers to an area encompassing the present-day provinces of Free State and Northern Cape in South Africa. The Orange Free State emerged as a distinct political entity in 1854 when the British recognized its independence.
The republic derived its name from the prominent Orange River, which traverses its territory. The term "Free State" indicates the political ideology of its founders, who sought to establish a self-governing and independent state outside the control of foreign powers. The Orange Free State was predominantly inhabited by Boer settlers of Dutch descent, who established farming communities in the region.
The Orange Free State had its own government and legislative system, employing political representatives and a president. However, during the 19th century, the republic faced numerous conflicts and tensions, particularly with the British Empire. These clashes eventually led to the annexation of the area by the British during the Second Boer War in 1900.
Despite its relatively short existence, the Orange Free State played a significant role in the shaping of Southern African history. It stood as a symbol of resistance against colonial domination and the preservation of Afrikaner culture and identity. Today, the term "Orange Free State" is predominantly used in historical contexts to describe the former independent republic and its people.