An orally disintegrating tablet (ODT) refers to a unique pharmaceutical dosage form designed to rapidly dissolve in the mouth. It is also commonly known as a fast-dissolving tablet or a mouth-dissolving tablet. ODTs are solid tablets that disintegrate or disperse within a few seconds of coming into contact with saliva, without the need for water or chewing. They are specifically formulated for patients who face challenges in swallowing conventional tablets or capsules, such as children, the elderly, or those with dysphagia (difficulty swallowing).
The key characteristic of orally disintegrating tablets lies in their disintegration properties, which enable them to rapidly break down into microparticles, granules, or powder upon contact with saliva. This allows for easy administration and improved patient compliance. The ODTs achieve their rapid disintegration through various technological approaches, including freeze-drying, direct compression, and sublimation techniques.
The formulation of an ODT typically includes a blend of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), excipients, disintegrants, and superdisintegrants. These ingredients aid in the tablet's disintegration process and enhance its overall effectiveness. Additionally, ODT formulations can also incorporate taste-masking agents or flavorings to improve palatability, especially as the tablet may dissolve directly on the tongue.
With the increasing demand for patient-friendly dosage forms, orally disintegrating tablets have gained significant popularity across various medical fields. They offer advantages such as ease of administration, improved convenience, enhanced patient compliance, and rapid drug absorption through the oral mucosa.
