Oral rehydration therapy is a commonly used method for treating dehydration caused by various illnesses, including diarrhea. The spelling of this word is originated from phonetics transcription. According to the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), it can be transcribed as /ˈɔː.rəl/ and /ˌriː.haɪˈdreɪʃən/ which means "oral" is pronounced as awr-uhl and "rehydration" is pronounced as ree-hahy-drey-shuh n. Written in this manner, the pronunciation of this term can be easily understood worldwide. It is an essential technique for healthcare professionals to learn and use effectively, especially in developing countries or during summer heatwaves.
Oral Rehydration Therapy (ORT) is a medical treatment technique used to replenish lost fluids and electrolytes in the body due to dehydration caused by conditions such as diarrhea, vomiting, or excessive sweating. It involves the administration of specially formulated oral rehydration solutions (ORS) that contain a precise balance of salts, sugars, and water to address the body's electrolyte imbalance and fluid loss.
ORT is an effective and affordable way to treat dehydration, particularly in developing countries where access to intravenous fluids may be limited. The therapy is based on the principle of osmosis, where the solution's composition facilitates the absorption of fluids and electrolytes across the intestinal wall, allowing the body to regain its required balance.
The oral rehydration solution typically includes ingredients such as glucose or sucrose to aid in the absorption of water and sodium chloride, potassium chloride, and sodium citrate to replace lost electrolytes. It is usually administered in small, frequent doses to maximize absorption and minimize the risk of vomiting.
ORT is safe and suitable for individuals of all ages, including infants and children. It has been credited with saving millions of lives by preventing and treating dehydration caused by diarrhea, a leading cause of death in children worldwide. While simple in concept and implementation, ORT is a vital medical intervention that has revolutionized the management of dehydration, particularly in resource-limited settings.