Ophidism refers to a harmful condition or the effects caused by the bite or venom of a snake. It is a medical term used to describe cases of snakebite poisoning or envenoming. The word originates from the Greek words "ophis" meaning snake, and "ismos," which indicates a state or condition.
Ophidism commonly occurs when a venomous snake bites and injects venom into a person or animal. The severity of ophidism can vary depending on factors such as the species of snake, the amount of venom injected, and the individual's reaction to the venom. A snakebite can cause a range of symptoms, including pain, swelling, bruising, and local tissue damage around the bite site. It may also lead to systemic effects, such as nausea, vomiting, dizziness, weakness, rapid heart rate, and in severe cases, respiratory failure, paralysis, or even death.
Managing ophidism requires immediate medical attention and treatment. This usually involves administering antivenom specific to the snake species responsible for the bite, as well as providing supportive care to manage symptoms and prevent complications. Diagnosis of ophidism is generally based on the clinical presentation, bite history, and sometimes laboratory tests to identify the type of venom involved.
While snakebites and ophidism can be life-threatening, prevention measures such as wearing appropriate footwear and clothing, being cautious in snake-prone areas, and seeking professional help for snake removal can significantly reduce the risk of encounters.
