Onychomycosis is a medical condition that refers to a fungal infection of the nails, specifically the toenails and less commonly the fingernails. It is also known as tinea unguium. This condition occurs when fungi, such as dermatophytes, yeasts, or molds, invade the nails and cause an infection that affects the nail plate, nail bed, and, in more severe cases, the surrounding skin.
The symptoms of onychomycosis can vary depending on the type of fungus and the severity of the infection, but commonly include discoloration of the nail, thickening and brittleness, deformation, white patches, foul odor, and occasionally pain or discomfort. It can lead to difficulty in cutting or trimming the nails, as well as emotional distress, due to the unaesthetic appearance.
The risk factors for developing onychomycosis include having a weakened immune system, diabetes, poor circulation, aging, trauma to the nails, wearing tight shoes or non-breathable footwear, using communal showers or swimming pools, and having a family history of fungal infections.
Treatment options for onychomycosis include topical antifungal medications, oral antifungal drugs, physical removal of the affected nail(s), laser therapy, and in some cases, surgical removal of the nail. However, since the infection occurs within the nail, treatment can be challenging and may require persistent efforts over a prolonged period to achieve complete eradication of the fungus.
Preventive measures for onychomycosis include maintaining good foot hygiene, keeping nails trimmed and dry, wearing breathable shoes and socks, using antifungal powder or spray in shoes, and avoiding sharing personal items like towels or nail clippers with infected individuals.
