Oncorhynchus clarki henshawi, commonly known as the Lahontan cutthroat trout, is a subspecies of the North American freshwater fish species Oncorhynchus clarki. It belongs to the Salmonidae family and is native to the Lahontan Basin in the western United States, particularly Nevada, California, and Oregon.
The Lahontan cutthroat trout is a medium to large-sized fish typically measuring between 16 and 22 inches in length, although some individuals can reach up to 30 inches. It possesses a streamlined body with silvery coloration, which may darken with age, and distinctive pink, red, or orange markings on its flanks. This subspecies is known for its characteristic large, rounded spots, often accompanied by smaller ones along the lateral line.
Lahontan cutthroat trout predominantly inhabit freshwater environments such as lakes, reservoirs, and rivers. They display an anadromous life cycle, meaning they migrate from freshwater to the ocean and back for spawning purposes. Their diet primarily consists of insects, small fish, crustaceans, and aquatic plants.
Due to overfishing, habitat loss, and introduced species, the Lahontan cutthroat trout experienced a significant decline in population during the 20th century. Conservation efforts have been implemented to preserve and restore their populations, including stocking captive-bred individuals, habitat restoration, and the removal of non-native species from their habitats. The Lahontan cutthroat trout is protected under the Endangered Species Act and is considered a valuable indicator of the ecological health of its native waters.
