Omalizumab is a noun that refers to a medication used to treat conditions related to severe allergic asthma and chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU). It is a monoclonal antibody drug that specifically targets immunoglobulin E (IgE), a type of antibody that plays a key role in allergic reactions.
When a person is exposed to an allergen, such as pollen or pet dander, their immune system produces excessive amounts of IgE antibodies. These antibodies attach to special receptors on certain cells, called mast cells and basophils, which releases inflammatory substances like histamine. This leads to the symptoms of an allergic reaction, such as wheezing, coughing, itching, and hives.
Omalizumab works by binding to the IgE antibodies circulating in the bloodstream, thereby preventing them from attaching to the receptors on mast cells and basophils. This prevents the release of inflammatory substances and reduces the allergic response. It helps to control symptoms, decrease the frequency of asthma attacks, and improve overall quality of life.
Omalizumab is usually administered as an injection by a healthcare professional. The dosage and frequency of administration may vary depending on the specific condition being treated and the individual patient. It is generally prescribed for individuals who have not responded well to other asthma medications or antihistamines for CIU.
As with any medication, omalizumab may have certain side effects, such as pain or redness at the injection site, headaches, fatigue, and a higher risk of getting certain infections. Therefore, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional to determine if omalizumab is the appropriate treatment option for a specific medical condition.
