Pronunciation: [ˌɒlɪɡjˈʊɹi͡ə] (IPA) 
Oliguria is spelled with four syllables: /ˌɒl.ɪˈɡjʊər.i.ə/. The word comes from the Greek words "oligo" meaning "few" and "ourein" meaning "to urinate." It refers to a medical condition where an abnormally small amount of urine is produced by the body, usually caused by dehydration or kidney problems. It is important to spell medical terms correctly to avoid confusion and ensure accurate communication between medical professionals.
Oliguria is a medical term used to describe a condition characterized by the decreased production of urine in the body. Typically, the daily production of urine in adults is around 1 to 2 liters, and when this amount significantly drops, it is considered oliguria. The specific threshold at which oliguria is defined may vary slightly among healthcare professionals, but it is generally accepted when urine output falls below 500 mL per day.
There are various underlying causes of oliguria, including dehydration, kidney dysfunction or failure, certain medications, urinary tract obstructions, and severe infections. Additionally, oliguria can be a manifestation of an underlying medical condition such as heart failure, liver disease, or low blood pressure.
Oliguria is a significant finding as it may indicate an imbalance in the body's fluid and electrolyte levels, leading to potential complications. It can result in the buildup of waste products and toxins, electrolyte disturbances, and imbalances in acid-base regulation. If oliguria persists, it can progress into a more severe condition known as anuria, where urine production is dramatically reduced or completely stopped.
Treatment for oliguria primarily revolves around identifying and addressing the underlying cause. Depending on the specific situation, intravenous fluids, diuretics, or other medications may be administered to promote urine flow and resolve the condition. Close monitoring of kidney function and fluid balance is crucial in managing oliguria to prevent further complications and maintain overall health.
The word oliguria is derived from two Greek roots: oligos meaning few or little, and ouron meaning urine. Therefore, oliguria literally translates to little urine.
