OLIGONUCLEOTIDE MICROARRAY Meaning and
Definition
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An oligonucleotide microarray is a powerful tool used in genomics and molecular biology to investigate gene expression and genetic variations. It is a high-throughput technology that allows simultaneous analysis of thousands to millions of short DNA or RNA sequences on a solid surface, usually a glass slide or silicon chip.
The microarray is composed of numerous short synthetic single-stranded DNA or RNA molecules, called probes, each specific to a particular gene or genetic sequence of interest. These probes are attached to the solid surface in an ordered array. The probes can be as short as 20 to 30 nucleotides and are designed to be complementary to the corresponding target sequences found in the sample DNA or RNA.
To perform an experiment using an oligonucleotide microarray, labeled DNA or RNA samples are applied to the microarray slide. Any complementary sequences will hybridize, or bind, to their respective probes on the array. By detecting the labeled molecules that have hybridized to the probes, scientists can determine the presence and quantity of specific target sequences in the sample.
Oligonucleotide microarrays have a wide range of applications, including gene expression profiling, genotyping, identification of mutations, and comparative genomic hybridization. They provide valuable information about the expression patterns and genetic variations of genes in a given sample. The results obtained from microarray experiments can aid in understanding disease mechanisms, drug discovery, diagnosis, and personalized medicine.
Common Misspellings for OLIGONUCLEOTIDE MICROARRAY
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Etymology of OLIGONUCLEOTIDE MICROARRAY
The etymology of the term "Oligonucleotide Microarray" can be broken down as follows:
1. Oligonucleotide: The word "oligonucleotide" comes from the combination of two Greek words: "oligo" meaning "few" or "small" and "nucleotide" referring to the building blocks of DNA or RNA. Oligonucleotides are short sequences of nucleotides, typically consisting of around 10-50 nucleotides.
2. Microarray: The term "microarray" is a combination of two words: "micro" meaning "small" and "array" which refers to an ordered arrangement or a systematic organization. In the context of genetics and molecular biology, a microarray is a small, solid surface (typically a glass slide or silicon chip) on which numerous microscopic spots or probes are immobilized in an orderly manner.
