Oligomenorrhea is a medical term that describes a condition characterized by infrequent or irregular menstrual cycles in menstruating individuals. The term is derived from the Greek words "oligo" meaning "few" or "scanty" and "mēn" meaning "month" or "moon," which refers to the menstrual cycle.
Typically, a normal menstrual cycle ranges from 21 to 35 days, with bleeding lasting anywhere from 2 to 7 days. In cases of oligomenorrhea, the menstrual periods occur less frequently than every 35 days, or the bleeding is abnormally light or scanty. A person experiencing oligomenorrhea may have periods that occur a few times a year, rather than on a monthly basis.
There can be various causes of oligomenorrhea. It may occur naturally during puberty or perimenopause, but it can also be a result of certain underlying health conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), hormonal imbalances, thyroid disorders, ovarian cysts, or excessive physical exercise. Emotional stress, rapid weight loss or gain, and medications can also contribute to this condition.
Diagnosis of oligomenorrhea is usually done by a healthcare professional, who evaluates the individual's menstrual history, conducts a physical examination, and may order further tests such as blood tests or imaging studies to identify any underlying causes.
Treatment for oligomenorrhea depends on the underlying cause. It may include lifestyle changes, such as stress reduction techniques, weight management, or changes in exercise habits. In some cases, medication or hormonal therapy may be prescribed to regulate menstrual cycles and promote regular ovulation.
