Oligoamnios is a medical condition characterized by a reduced amount of amniotic fluid in the uterus during pregnancy. Amniotic fluid is a clear, watery substance that surrounds and protects the developing fetus in the womb. It provides cushioning for the growing baby, helps maintain a stable temperature, and aids in fetal lung development.
In cases of oligoamnios, the volume of amniotic fluid is lower than the normal range for the gestational age, meaning there is too little fluid present in the amniotic sac. This condition is typically diagnosed through ultrasound examinations that measure the depth of the amniotic fluid pockets.
Oligoamnios can be caused by various factors, including fetal abnormalities that affect kidney function and interrupt urine production, ruptured membranes leading to fluid leakage, placental dysfunction, or maternal conditions like preeclampsia or gestational hypertension. The severity of oligoamnios can range from mild to severe, depending on the volume of amniotic fluid present.
This condition can pose certain risks to both the mother and the baby. Reduced amniotic fluid levels can restrict fetal movement, potentially hindering overall growth and development. It may also increase the risk of certain complications, such as umbilical cord compression, fetal distress, prematurity, and problems with lung development.
Treatment for oligoamnios aims to address the underlying cause whenever possible. In some cases, increasing fluid intake orally or intravenously may be recommended. In severe cases, early delivery may be necessary to minimize the risks associated with low amniotic fluid levels. Close monitoring and medical management by healthcare professionals are essential to ensure the best possible outcome for both mother and baby.
