OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE DISORDER Meaning and
Definition
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Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a mental health disorder characterized by persistent and intrusive thoughts, urges, or images (obsessions) that elicit intense anxiety, discomfort, or distress. These distressing thoughts often lead to repetitive behaviors or mental acts (compulsions) aimed at reducing anxiety or preventing a feared outcome. Individuals with OCD typically feel compelled to engage in these compulsions, despite recognizing them as excessive or irrational.
The obsessions observed in OCD encompass a wide range of themes, such as contamination (excessive fear of germs or dirt), symmetry and order (a strong need for everything to be in a particular arrangement), and intrusive thoughts (persistent, unwanted thoughts of violence or harm). These distressing thoughts often lead to compulsions, which are repetitive behaviors or mental rituals intended to alleviate anxiety or neutralize the obsession. Common compulsions include excessive hand washing, checking, counting, or arranging objects in specific patterns.
OCD can significantly impact the individual's daily life, occupational functioning, and interpersonal relationships, causing distress and impairment. It is believed to be caused by a combination of genetic, neurological, and environmental factors. Effective treatment for OCD often involves a combination of psychotherapy (specifically cognitive-behavioral therapy) and medication (such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors). Through therapy, individuals learn to identify and challenge unhelpful thought patterns and gradually reduce their reliance on compulsions, leading to improved quality of life and symptom management.
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