Nuclear cataract refers to a specific type of cataract that affects the central portion, or nucleus, of the eye's natural lens. A cataract is a progressive condition characterized by the clouding or opacification of the lens, leading to blurred vision and visual impairment. Nuclear cataracts specifically occur when the proteins within the lens start to break down and clump together within the nucleus, causing opacity and hindering light from passing through the lens effectively.
The gradual formation of nuclear cataracts results in the lens becoming increasingly yellow or brownish in color, leading to decreased visual acuity and difficulties with contrasting colors, especially in low-light conditions. Some of the common risk factors associated with nuclear cataracts include aging, long-term exposure to ultraviolet radiation from sunlight, smoking, diabetes, and certain medications.
Symptoms of nuclear cataracts often develop slowly over time and may include blurry vision, sensitivity to glare, reduced night vision, increased difficulty reading small print, or a perception of halos around lights. Surgical removal of the cataract is the most effective treatment for nuclear cataracts when vision impairment significantly affects daily life activities.
In summary, nuclear cataracts are a form of cataracts that specifically affect the central portion of the lens in the eye, leading to the clouding of vision due to protein breakdown and clumping within the nucleus. This type of cataract gradually develops over time and can cause a range of visual impairments that can be corrected through surgical intervention.
