Norte Chico Civilization, also known as the Caral-Supe civilization, refers to an ancient pre-Columbian civilization that flourished along the central coast of Peru. The term "Norte Chico" translates to "Small North" in Spanish, highlighting its location in the northern region of Peru's coast. This civilization predates the well-known Inca and Moche civilizations, making it one of the oldest known urban societies in the Americas.
The Norte Chico Civilization emerged around 3000 BC and reached its peak between 2500 and 2000 BC, with evidence of complex social, economic, and political systems. It is renowned for its impressive architectural achievements, remarkable for the time period, such as the monumental pyramidal structures found at Caral, one of its major settlements.
Despite having no evidence of a writing system, the Norte Chico Civilization left behind an extensive archaeological record that reveals their advanced agricultural practices, including elaborate canal systems, and the cultivation of maize, squash, beans, and cotton. This civilization also exhibited an extensive trade network, as indicated by the presence of seashells and other materials not native to the region.
The decline of the Norte Chico Civilization occurred around 1800 BC, and the reasons for this decline remain unclear. However, it is believed that a combination of environmental factors, including changes in climate patterns and resource depletion, might have contributed to their downfall.
The discovery and study of the Norte Chico Civilization have provided valuable insights into the complexity and sophistication of ancient societies in the Americas, challenging traditional views of civilization development in this region.
