Norovirus is a highly contagious virus that causes a gastrointestinal illness known as acute gastroenteritis. It belongs to the Caliciviridae family of viruses and is named after Norwalk, Ohio, where an outbreak occurred in 1968. Norovirus is characterized by its ability to spread rapidly in closed or crowded environments such as schools, nursing homes, cruise ships, and restaurants.
The symptoms of a norovirus infection typically develop within 12 to 48 hours after exposure and may include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomach cramps, and occasionally a low-grade fever. These symptoms can be severe and debilitating, sometimes leading to dehydration, especially in young children, the elderly, or individuals with weakened immune systems.
Norovirus is primarily transmitted through the fecal-oral route, meaning it spreads when an infected person's feces or vomit enters the mouth or is ingested through contaminated food, water, objects, or surfaces. The virus can also be spread through aerosolized vomit, making it highly contagious.
Prevention of norovirus infection includes practicing good hygiene such as frequent handwashing with soap and water, especially after using the toilet or before handling food. Disinfecting contaminated surfaces and objects with bleach-based cleaners can also help minimize transmission.
Although norovirus infections can be highly unpleasant, symptoms usually resolve within a few days without specific treatment. Hydration and rest are usually sufficient for recovery. However, it is important to seek medical attention if symptoms are severe, persistent, or if there is concern about dehydration.
