NORMAL SCIENCE Meaning and
Definition
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Normal science is a concept coined by Thomas Kuhn, the renowned historian and philosopher of science, in his book "The Structure of Scientific Revolutions." In the realm of scientific inquiry, normal science refers to the period of scientific activity characterized by the dominant paradigm or theory within a particular scientific community. It involves the application of established scientific methods, theories, and techniques to solve puzzles and problems that arise within the scope of the prevailing paradigm.
During normal science, scientists explore and refine existing theories, conduct experiments, and publish research papers within the established framework. They aim to extend the boundaries of knowledge within the assigned paradigm, seeking to address unresolved questions and anomalies that surface during the course of their investigations. The practice of normal science is carried out by a community of scientists who share a common worldview, a set of assumptions, and a set of methods particular to their field of study.
Normal science is characterized by puzzle-solving, following well-established rules and procedures. It functions through a network of scientists who communicate and collaborate within their discipline. This collective scientific activity, grounded in a traditional scientific framework, provides stability, continuity, and incremental advancements in scientific knowledge.
However, normal science is not without limitations. It is susceptible to the impact of anomalies, which are observations or experimental results that contradict the prevailing theory. These anomalies can accumulate and eventually lead to a scientific revolution, triggering a paradigm shift and a new era of scientific inquiry.
Etymology of NORMAL SCIENCE
The term "normal science" was coined by the philosopher of science, Thomas Kuhn, in his influential book "The Structure of Scientific Revolutions" published in 1962. The word "normal" in this context refers to the regular practice and activity in the scientific community during periods of relative stability or consensus.
Kuhn used the term "normal science" to describe the everyday scientific research and problem-solving that takes place within a scientific paradigm or framework. Paradigm, for Kuhn, referred to a set of universally recognized scientific achievements that provide models or examples for future scientific work within a particular discipline.
Kuhn argued that scientific progress typically occurs through periods of "normal science" where researchers work within a shared paradigm, following established theories, methodologies, and techniques. During these periods, scientists devote their efforts to solving puzzles and anomalies that arise within the framework of the accepted paradigm.
