NOREPINEPHRINE TRANSPORTER Meaning and
Definition
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The norepinephrine transporter, also known as the NET, is a protein that is primarily responsible for the reuptake of norepinephrine (NE) from the synaptic cleft back into the presynaptic neuron. This process, known as reuptake, is crucial for regulating the levels of NE in the brain and peripheral nervous system.
The norepinephrine transporter is a key component of the noradrenergic system, which plays a critical role in modulating various physiological functions such as mood, attention, and arousal. Located on the presynaptic membrane, the NET acts as a molecular pump, transporting NE molecules from the extracellular space back into the neuron for reuse or degradation.
By efficiently removing NE from the synapse, the norepinephrine transporter terminates the effects of NE signaling and helps maintain appropriate neurotransmitter levels. Dysfunction of the NET can lead to alterations in NE levels, which has been implicated in several psychiatric and neurological disorders, including depression, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and substance abuse disorders.
Pharmacologically targeting the norepinephrine transporter has been a valuable therapeutic strategy for these conditions. Medications that selectively inhibit the reuptake of NE by the NET, known as norepinephrine transporter inhibitors, increase the availability and prolong the action of NE in the synapse, ultimately influencing mood, attention, and other associated behaviors.
In summary, the norepinephrine transporter is a protein responsible for the reuptake of norepinephrine back into the presynaptic neuron, regulating the levels of this neurotransmitter in the synaptic cleft and modulating various physiological functions.
Etymology of NOREPINEPHRINE TRANSPORTER
The word "norepinephrine" is derived from the combination of "nor-" (short for "norethanolamine", indicating that it is a derivative of ethanolamine) and "epinephrine" (also known as adrenaline, a hormone and neurotransmitter).
The word "transporter" refers to a protein or molecule that facilitates the movement of another substance across a biological membrane.
Therefore, the term "norepinephrine transporter" refers to the specific protein responsible for the transportation of norepinephrine across cell membranes.
